ALE formulation for thermomechanical inelastic material models applied to tire forming and curing simulations

Abstract Forming of tires during production is a challenging process for Lagrangian solid mechanics due to large changes in the geometry and material properties rubber layers. This paper extends Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) formulation thermomechanical inelastic models with special consideration rubber. The ALE approach based on tracking spatial meshes used, an operator-split employed which splits up solution within time step into mesh smoothing step, history remapping step. Mesh distortion reduced by solving boundary value problem. History variables are subsequently remapped new particle scheme. Within steps, fully coupled problem solved. An advanced two-phase model incorporated approach, can describe green rubber, cured transition process. Several numerical examples demonstrate superior behavior developed comparison purely finite elements.